Tuesday 15th December 2009

Today we start researching information about our chosen medium for our project, which is animation and the history of it so that i can make a timeline from it. Me and Charna found loads of information. I started creating my timeline in the afternoon. So far i have found it difficult to make it as i find it very hard to work on Photoshop. We used Wikipedia alot and the same with google. In google we searched for animation history and history timelines. We got much information from this.

Positive And Negative Words To Discribe Your Animation

In lesson we watched everyones Risk video that they made and we had to give a positive and negative word to discribe thier video. Below i have put the words on a background i found on the internet. The feedback that people gave me was said too fast so i could not write everyone down, but i managed to get most of them. Their are some mistakes in the animation so some of the might reflect them as well.
Here is the positive Picture:


Here is the negative picture:

Final Animation Video For Risk Project

Here is our final animation for our risk project.

We could have done better with our animation, but we just did not have enough time to do it.

Once we have watched it, we spotted many mistakes. One mistake is that the bomb just suddenly appears by the fish character. It should have be coming in when the fish is moving (swimming). We also wanted a sound effect for the bomb blowing up but having the time was the problem. We are hoping that we will be given more time after christmas to finish it properly. I am happy with the animation but i feel that we could have done better. Charna was not in last thursday and she had the animation pictures, so that put us behind alot, but we still have done well. Overall the animation is good. I would of liked it to have been longer but that does not really matter.

We never used the MonkeyJam software that we download as it would not work on a mac computers, so we had to download a trial version of istop motion to create our animation.

L3 RISK - CHARNA & ALEX - FINAL from cmdiploma on Vimeo.

If We Had More Time On Our Animation

If we had more time to work on our animation:

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

we would have added all of our picture frames. The frames we cut out were the walking snail and the jellyfish. As Charna was not in last Thursday 10th December 09, she had our pictures for the animation so i could not scane them into the computer that day so that had put us behind abit. We finished the animation on Friday by working over college hours at coleridge. The walking snail and the jellyfish has not been included in the animation and we erased the tree in photoshop as we thought that it would not look right.

We would of also made our own soundtrack and not a copy-right free song of the internet. Another thing that will need changing is that we make the bomb suddenly appear in the middle of the screen and it looks odd as we did not make it come in properly.

We never included any titles like RISK or a name of the animation. It would have been better with a title or two.

Things or moments that we would change:

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

We would have not drawed the tree and coloured it in as we erased it in the animation as it did not look right.

Have another character in the animation (but we did not as we did not have enough time).

Maybe have a different background.

Mini Checkpoint 3

Tomorrow me and Charna will scan in our images for our animation. We did not get a chance to do  this today as someone else was doing this. We will need to scane them in order and save them in order. After we have done this, we will colour each of them in using Photoshop. This will take a while as we have to colour in about 150 image frames. 

Once this is done, we will use Mokeyjam (software) to turn it in to a video. I am still not sure how long it will be. 

What we have to do for each frame:

$  Cut out anything we don't want in the frame, such as pencil lines, any marks and the ground line in alot of the frames.

$  Make each of the backgrounds transparent, and put it onto the background layer that charna created in photoshop.

$  Colour each frame the same if it is the same picture or character.

$  Change the expression of the fish when it meets the bomb to blank, or with sparklers in its eyes.

$  Import them into the Monkeyjam software to make a smooth stopmotion animation frequently so we know how it's going so that we can keep making modifications if we need to.

$  Last of all we will also need to make a soundtrack in Garageband or find some copy right free music on the internet.

Animation Background

Here is the background for our animation. Charna has created it in Photoshop. It's set in space on some other planet as the fish looks a bit like a space ship. 

Here is what she did:  I drew most of it with the brushes, using a simple circle paint brush for the stars and then a circle swirly one for the grass. I used different layers for this so I could use different blending options for each of them. I liked the bending option of a outer glow, as it really added the illusion of an atmosphere or light coming from the stars and the planet.

Tuesday 8th December 2009

Today we have finished drawing our animation frames. It has taken a long time to do and i am happy that it is done. I feel that it is going to take a long time to finish. I think that we will not be done for Friday. Now we need to put them in order and then take a picture of every frame. This will also take a long time. We are planning to do this on Thurday and finish it on Friday. 

What Still Needs Doing For The Animation

We still need to finish off  our frames. These are taking a long time as we have to draw many frames. Then we need to put them in order ready to take photos of each of the frames. This will also take a long time to do. Hopeful on Tomorrow or Wednesday we will be ready to do this. The main editing day will be Friday as that day we have the most lessons. On Thursday we will get everything ready to take to Coleridge, we might start editing on this day as well.

Friday 4th December 2009

Today me and Charna spent the day creative more scenes for our animation. It is coming along well so far. We still have many more to make. We spent most of the day doing this. We also added the designs for the animation to our sketchbook. My sketchbook is also coming along well.

Different Designs And Final Design

In my sketchbook i have 10 designs for our animated video. We chose the last design that we did. The reason why we chose it is that it is a simple design and we had a storyline for it.

You can see this blow:

The other designs that we did included a killer pea with a huge knife, a gangstar pea with a knife, a gangstar pea with a big hat and a gun, two stall standing aliens and many more. You can see some pictures blow.

Animations

We got our idea for the animation by an animation call Kiwi. This video haves a bird trying to fly and he jumps of a cliff. We like the idea of having a cliff in it so what we have done is designed our character and then done the setting. It setting is on top of a cliff. The character is flying and his eyes are closed just before he flies of the cliff so he falls and that is when we are going to end it.

The Kiwi video is below.

Art equipment Needed

The art equipment that i will need is:

$ A Pen

$ A Pencile and sharpener

$ Paper

$ Tracing Paper
$ Colouring Pens

Technical Equipment Needed

The technical equipment that i will need to do the video is:

$ A HD Camera
$ HD Tape
$ Camera Tripod
$ A Camera USB Cable
$ Computer (Mac)
$ Final Cut Software

Thursday 3rd December 2009

Today me and Charna have now decided to do a complete animation insted of my other ideas, we thought that it would be better if we did it this way. I think this idea is alot better and it is coming along very well. Today we have drawn many ideas on paper and then we decied what one that we liked the most and what would be posible to do. Charna has done the drawings and i have outlined most of them and coloured them in. We have done about 22 drawings already with many more to go. We are going to colour in the rest in photoshop when they are all done.

Update

At the moment my partner is still not well, so if she is not in by friday i will be working with Sophie on her project as her partners is not in as she is not well as well. But at the moment i am still working on idea 2.

Idea 2

I have thought about idea 2 and i think that this would be good to do. First i would have to check with my partner Charna. 

Feedback From Sophie

Today in lesson, Sophie looked at my blog and she has given me feedback on it.

The 2 positive strengths are:

$ Lots of very detailed blog posts.

$ Lots of research about risk and artists from 'Beautiful Losers'.

The 2 things to improve are:

$ Write up some research into project ideas, i.e Youtube videos.

$ Could do evaluation of what happened in lessons.

I am going to do the things that Sophie has suggested to improve.

Final 1 Minute Video Idea 2

Another idea that i have come up with is that i would uses the 5 frames of the pea and have that going round a corner then a character comes in and walks to the bridge in Cherry Hinton Hall and have him or her walking on the edge of the bridge the going and walking over the waterfall by the bridge. This is related to risk as the two thing that the character does are risky as he or her could fall of the bridge and slip or fall of the waterfall.

When you see the pea moving i don't want the shot's to have any of the sky in the background as when the pictures come together it would not look right as the sky would be chaging very quick.

The rest of the video will be made from proper footage and not taking photos of each frames.

Final 1 Minute Video Idea 1

The idea that i like is that it would involve the pea that was in our 5 frames animation. I really liked the 5 frame animation as i liked the pea getting stabbed, so i though that we could reuse the 5 frame boards and still make more so that the animation is spread out. The pea would still be getting stabbed but not as often and the fork would not be on the other boards. I would also like the pea to have a costume. A hat would look good, with a ring, and a gun strap and a gun in his hand.

Risk Captured On Film

This is a Risk that has been captured on film. It is a Tornado back in August this year, ripping through a city. Their can be many risks with this. Eg. getting sucked up, a tree flying into you. Also if you watch the tornado, you can see bright lights in it, this is because it is distroying power cables. Anything you do can be a risk. Turning on a video camera is a risk, as you could break it or it could blow up. (not a big bang). The person who filmed this would have not planned to do this. He or she though that it would be good to film this as they ate their meal at the cafe. This is said on the youtube page.

This video is from youtube. Here is the link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TTxTWc0ShAg

5 Frame Animation

Here are the 5 frames in the mini animation that we made:

This is a risk as the poor pea is getting stabbed by a for. I really like the pea animation. I would like the final animation to include the pea getting stabbed, but it would only get stabbed 3 times through out the animation.

Homework: Experimental and Underground cinema November 25th 2009

One of the videos we saw in class was The Big Shave. Watching the beginning, it gives you a different idea of what you are watching. I thought that it was advertising bathrooms as it was showing a new bathroom, but then when the m

an comes in and starts shaving, you get a different idea of what it is about. I then thought that it was advertising a shaver as it was showing alot of close ups of the shaver. I thought that it was a strange video as he starts cutting his face open with the shaver. The video was good but i thnik that it is very different compared to the other videos we saw.

The Big Shave is a 1967 six-minute short fil

m directed by Martin Scorsese. It is also known as Viet '67. Peter Bernuth stars as the recipient of the title shave, repeatedly shaving away hair, then skin, in an increasingly bloody and graphic bathroom scene. Many film critics have interpreted the young man's process of self-mutilation as a metaphor for the self-destructive involvement of the United States in the Vietnam War, prompted by the film's alternative title. The music accompanying the film is Bunny Berigan's "I Can't Get Started", recorded in 1939. The film was produced at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts for a film production class called Sight & Sound Film.

This information about Big Shave comes fro

m Wikipedia, here is the link: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Big_Shave

Here is The Big Shave video:

This video has come from youtube.

Here is the link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_wvdKMnnQz8

Martin Marcantonio Luciano Scorses

Here is a photo of him:

He was born on the 17th November 1942, and is an American film director, screenwriter, producer, actor, and film historian. He is the founder of the World Cinema Foundation, a recipient of the AFI Life Achievement Award for his contributions to the cinema and has won awards from the Oscars, Golden Globe, BAFTA, and Directors Guild of America. Scorsese is president of the Film Foundation, a non-profit organization dedicated to film preservation and the prevention of the decaying of motion picture film stock.

Scorsese's body of work addresses such themes as Italian American identity, Roman Catholic concepts of guilt and redemption, machismo, and violence. Scorsese is widely considered to be one of the most significant and influential American filmmakers of his era, directing landmark films such as Taxi Driver, Raging Bull and Goodfellas; all of which he collaborated on with actor Robert De Niro. He won the Academy Award for Best Director for The Departed and earned an MFA in film directing from the New York University Tisch School of the Arts.

Martin Scorsese was born in New York City. His father, Luciano Charles Scorsese died in 1993, and his mother, Catherine Scorsese died in 1997. They both worked in New York's Garment District, his father as a clothes presser and his mother as a seamstress.

As a boy his parents would often take him to the movie theaters; it was at this stage in his life that he developed his passion for cinema. Obsessed with historical epics at an early age, at least two films of the genre, Land of the Pharaohs and El Cid, appear to have had a deep and lasting impact on his cinema psyche. Scorsese also developed an admiration for neo-realist cinema at this time. He recounted its influence in a documentary on Italian neorealism, and commented on how The Bicycle Thief alongside Paisà, Rome, Open City inspired him and how this influenced his view or portrayal of his Sicilian heritage. In his documentary, Il Mio Viaggio in Italia, Scorsese noted that the Sicilian episode of Roberto Rossellini's Paisà which he first saw on television alongside his relatives, who were themselves Sicilian immigrants, made a significant impact on his life. He has also cited the Indian neorealist filmmaker Satyajit Ray as a major influence on his career. His initial desire to become a priest while attending Cardinal Hayes High School in the Bronx was forsaken for cinema– the seminary traded for NYU Film School, where he received his MFA in film directing in 1969.

Scorsese has been married to Helen Morris since 1999; she is his fifth wife. They have a daughter, Francesca, who appeared in The Departed and The Aviator. He has a daughter, Cathy (Catherine), from his first marriage to Laraine Brennan, and a daughter, Domenica Cameron-Scorsese, who is also an actress and appeared in The Age of Innocence, from his second marriage to Julia Cameron. Scorsese was also married to actress Isabella Rossellini from 1979 to their divorce in 1983. He married producer Barbara De Fina in 1985; their marriage ended in divorce as well. He is primarily based in New York City.

This information and the photo has come from Wikipedia. Here is the link:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Scorsese

Friday 27th November 2009

Today we projected our five frame pictures on to big pieces of card, then we got a black board pen and outlined each picture frame. When that was done we decided to color it in. It took a long time to colour it in as the pen were really thin. When that was done we went out and placed the first frame against the wall and took a photo, then we did it to the next one. Once we did it all it made an animation. It now really looks like a pea getting stabbed. The video can be seen below. I was good to learn how to do this. This was the first time that i have done anything like this. It did take a long time but you don't mind doing it if you get a good outcome.

L3 PEA LOOP (Charna, Ali, Sophie & Alex) from cmdiploma on Vimeo.

Thursday 26th November 2009

Today we started to do a mini animation out of five frames. We had to draw our images first, then we used tracing paper to trace our images to produce an image that will loop. Then we took a photo of each frame. Now we need to project the pictures on the wall and draw them on big pieces of card. Then paint the images the colour that we want, then take a photo of each one moving along the wall. It is meant to be a pea getting stabbed by a fork. When the photos are played it will look like an animation.

Here is an example that Steve has done:

Stage 1: Create five frames that loop

Using tracing paper produce an image that will loop.
There are two ways to loop the frames:

1. Frame 5 will go back to frame 1 and start the sequence all over again. (1,2,3,4,5 > 1,2,3,4,5 etc.)

2. The sequence will go in reverse after frame 5.
(1,2,3,4,5 > 4,3,2,1 > 2,3,4,5 etc.)

Stage 2: Upload into Photoshop
Using a stills camera, Photo Booth or a scanner.

Stage 3: Create the images
In Photoshop centralize the drawings and save as jpegs.

Stage 4: iStopMotion test
In a new Photoshop project set up the looping sequence.
Make the motion travel from left to right on the screen.
Save (As) each stage as a jpeg and import into iStopmotion.
(Main menu > Movie > Import Images)
Test your animation.

L3 JUMP LOOP TEST from cmdiploma on Vimeo.

Stage 5: Project the image & draw the frames
Open the 5 jpegs in Preview. Connect your laptop to the digital projector. Copy out the frames on the cardboard sheets using a board marker pen.

Stage 6: Paint the images on the cardboard

Stage 7: Film the loop sequence

L3 ANIMATION LOOP CLASS DEMO from cmdiploma on Vimeo.

L3 ANIMATION LOOP CLASS DEMO from cmdiploma on Vimeo.

Drawings

These are some drawings that i have done in my spare time. I don't think about what i am going to draw, i just do it as i go along

Artist From Beautiful Losers

The artist that i liked from Beautiful Losers is Chris Johanson.
Here is a picture of him:
Chris Johanson is an American painter and street artist. He is a member of San Francisco's Mission School art movement. Chris was born in suburban San Jose, California in 1968. He has no formal training in art, learning some technique by painting skateboards and houses. He moved to San Francisco, California's Mission District in 1989, where he became a member of the local art community, initially drawing cartoons on lampposts and bathroom walls using black Sharpies. In 2004 he bought a home and moved to Portland, Oregon. Chris achieved international fame after participating in 2002 Whitney Biennial exhibition.

This information in red comes from wikipedia. Here is the link: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Johanson

This is one of the peices of art that he has done. I like this painting as if you look at it from a distance, it looks like the top of a city. This painting featured in Beautiful Losers and that is when i saw it.
Here is the picture:

Here is a close up of it:

Tuesday 24th November 2009

In the morning we looked at 6 vieos that was made many years ago.
The first was called Colour Box, The second was called Dog Star Man, The third was called Scorpio Rising, The forth was called The Big Shave, The fifth Fuzzbox, The sixth was called Berlin House.
Later me and Ali researched Dog Star Man Part 2. It was very hard to find information about it as it was made many years ago. Stan Brakhage directed it and he also acted in it. While he acted in it his wife was filming. He died at the age of 70. You can read all this in my sketchbook.

Mood Board

Here is my mood board that i made. All these pictures relate to the word risk. When we here the word risk, this is some of the things i think about. Anything you do can be risky, even stepping out your front door.

Friday 20th November 2009

In todays lesson we looked through the CAPTURE: Creative Risk task sheet so that i knew what we have to do in the set time that has been given.
In the after noon we made a mood board which was pictures of anything that we would relate to the word Risk. Me and Ali found many pictues. They can be seen in the mood board which is above.

Robot Drawings

Here are most of my robot drawings. I realy enjoy drawing different robots and creatures. I have done many in the past, but these are the ones that i have done lately. I have a book where i draw these in. When i come up with new ideas, i will draw them up as well.

I have done two versions of this drawing. I wanted to see if i could change anything. This one was done on A4 size.

This one that i have done is the first version. It is spread out over 3 pages. I am not sure about putting any arms on it. I really like it how it is.

This is the bottom half of it. It is to big to take a picture of the whole thing.
Here some other drawings.

Timeline

Here is my timeline that i created in Photoshop. It took a while to make. First i had to research information about the history of animation. Then place some information form different years into the timeline. It is the fairly important information that is needed on the timeline.

After that i added some photo's of the particular points that i have. I am very pleased with the timeline. It has taken alot of time and effort to make.

References For Timeline

Here are the references for the information from my timeline. Each reference is under its years that it appears on my timeline.

1824: http://www.cs.brown.edu/courses/cs229/animTimeline.html

1889: http://joshuamosley.com/UPenn/courses/Ani/AnimationHistory.html

1906: http://joshuamosley.com/UPenn/courses/Ani/AnimationHistory.html

This here is a book reference:

1923: (Animation Art, Flame Tree Publishing Book, 2004, Page 21,)

Picture Link: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Walt_disney_portrait.jpg

1928: http://joshuamosley.com/UPenn/courses/Ani/AnimationHistory.html

1934: http://joshuamosley.com/UPenn/courses/Ani/AnimationHistory.html

1938:   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bugs_Bunny

1993: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(film)

Picture Link: http://api.ning.com/files/DzYwj7Cp-4S5MRJyRA4V-pV8hK9ak8wY5vLXB0*ekbY_/800pxJurassic_Park_screenshot_4.jpg

1995: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toy_Story

Picture Link: http://mypetjawa.mu.nu/archives/toy_story_ver1.jpg

2007: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons_Movie#Development

Picture link: http://users.cs.cf.ac.uk/S.C.Bull/Photos/Simpsons.JPG

Timeline Research

This is a timeline about animation that i found on the internet. This timeline is some information that iwill need to create my timeline. It has identified some important parts of animation.
The website was last modified on Friday 25th September 1998 by Nancy Pollard.
http://www.cs.brown.edu/courses/cs229/animTimeline.html

Animation Timeline
Date	Event
1824	Peter Mark Roget, who did research in physiology at the University of London, published "Persistence of Vision with Regard to Moving Objects." This book presented the idea that a succession of still images could create the appearance of motion.
1832	Joseph Plateau (a Belgian scientist) developed the phenakistiscope.
1889	Emile Reynaud (from France) patents the praxinoscope .. a device that used mirrors to project a sequence of images (along with a fixed background) onto a screen. It was sufficiently complex that only he could run it. The infinite length tape changed the medium from a curiosity into entertainment.
1895	The age of movie camera and projector begins .. experimentors discover they can stop the crank and restart it again to obtain special effects. Example: James Stuart Blackton creates "The Enchanted Drawing" in 1900 .. a caricature is drawn with no evidence of an artist.
1907	Emil Cohl (from France) begins a long animation career..
1914	Windsor McCay produces perhaps the first popular animation .. Gertie the Dinosaur, which becomes part of his vaudeville act
1915	John Bray patents the use of clear cels over a background
1917	John Bray patents rotoscoping (developed by Max Fleischer)
1919	Koko the clown (Max Fleischer) appears
1920's	Otto Mesmer creates Felix the Cat
1928	Walt Disney releases "Steamboat Willie" .. an early cartoon w/ sound -- cartoons are now seen as entertainment. Disney innovations over the next 10-20 years include the storyboard, pencil tests, and the multi-plane camera stand (3D effects). Disney also promoted the analysis of real-life motion.
1937	Snow White is released at cost of $1.5M
1930's	Fleischer studios create Betty Boop and Popeye
1930's	Warner Bros .. Porky Pig, Daffy Duck, and Bugs Bunny appear
1940's	Walter Lantz and Woody Woodpecker, Paul Terry and Mighty Mouse, MGM w/ Tom & Jerry (animators William Hanna and Joseph Barbera)
1963	Ivan Sutherland and SKETCHPAD at MIT/Lincoln Labs
1972	University of Utah, Ed Catmull develops an animation scripting language and creates an animation of a smooth shaded hand. Ref: E. Catmull, "A System for Computer Generated Movies", Proceedings of the ACM National Conference, 1972. (In the SIGGRAPH 98 Seminal Graphics collection.)
1972	University of Utah, Fred Parke creates first computer generated facial animation. Ref: F. Parke, "Computer Generated Animation of Faces", Proceedings of the ACM National Conference, 1972. (In the SIGGRAPH 98 Seminal Graphics collection.)
1974	National Research Council of Canada releases Hunger/La Faim directed by Peter Foldes and featuring Burtnyk and Wein interactive keyframing techniques. Ref: N. Burtnyk and M. Wein, "Interactive Skeleton Techniques for Enhancing Motion Dynamics in Key Frame Animation", Communications of the ACM, 19(10), October 1976. (In the SIGGRAPH 98 Seminal Graphics collection.)
1982	Tron, MAGI, movie with CG premise
1983	Bill Reeves at Lucasfilm publishes techniques for modeling particle systems. "Demo" is Star Trek II: The Wrath of Kahn. The paper also promotes motion blur. Ref: W. Reeves, "Particle Systems -- A Technique for Modeling a Class of Fuzzy Objects", Computer Graphics, 17(3), July 1983. (In the SIGGRAPH 98 Seminal Graphics collection.)
1984	The Last Starfighter, CG is used in place of models
1984	Porter and Duff at Lucusfilm publish paper on digital compositing using an alpha channel. Ref:"Compositing Digital Images", Computer Graphics, 18(3), July 1984. (In the SIGGRAPH 98 Seminal Graphics collection.) T. Porter and T. Duff,
1985	Girard and Maciejewski at OSU publish a paper describing the use of inverse kinematics and dynamics for animation. Their techniques are used in the animation "Eurythmy." Ref: M. Girard and A. A. Maciejewski, "Computational Modeling for the Computer Animation of Legged Figures", Computer Graphics, 19(3), July 1985. (In the SIGGRAPH 98 Seminal Graphics collection.)
1985	Ken Perlin at NYU publishes a paper on noise functions for textures. He later applied this technique to add realism to character animations. Ref: K. Perlin, "An Image Synthesizer", Computer Graphics, 19(3), July 1985. (In the SIGGRAPH 98 Seminal Graphics collection.)
1987	John Lasseter at Pixar publishes a paper describing traditional animation principles. "Demos" are Andre and Wally B and Luxo Jr. Ref: J. Lasseter, "Principles of Traditional Animation Applied to 3D Computer Animation", Computer Graphics, 21(4), July 1987. (In the SIGGRAPH 98 Seminal Graphics collection.)
1987	Craig Reynolds then at Symbolics (now at Dreamworks SKG) publishes a paper on self-organizing behavior for groups. "Demos" are Stanley and Stella and Batman Returns. Ref:"Flocks, Herds, and Schools: A Distributed Behavioral Model", Computer Graphics, 21(4), July 1987. (In the SIGGRAPH 98 Seminal Graphics collection.) C. W. Reynolds,
1988	Willow uses morphing in live action film
1992	Beier and Neely, at SGI and PDI respectively publish an algorithm where line correspondences guide morphing between 2D images. "Demo" is Michael Jackson video Black and White. Ref: T. Beier and S. Neely, "Feature-Based Image Metamorphosis", Computer Graphics, 26(2), July 1992. (In the SIGGRAPH 98 Seminal Graphics collection.)
1993	Chen and Williams at Apple publish a paper on view interpolation for 3D walkthroughs. Ref: S. E. Chen and L. Williams, "View Interpolation for Image Synthesis", Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, 1993. (In the SIGGRAPH 98 Seminal Graphics collection.)
1993	Jurassic Park use of CG for realistic living creatures
1995	Toy Story first full-length 3D CG feature film